inability和disability的区别主要在于含义及用法上。inability作为名词，含义为“无能”、“不能”；disability作为可数名词，含义为“残疾”、“障碍”、“身心、学习等方面的缺陷”。

inability作为名词，意为无能;无力;不能。

例句：Her inability to concentrate could cause an accident.

她无法集中精力可能会导致事故。

I feel ashamed of my inability to repay your favour.

愧无以报。

Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.

相反，这只会突显你没有能力有效的委派任务。

It was his simple inability to process it all.

他只是无法接受这一切。

Should I have said his inability to save you?

我是该说他无力拯救你吗？

His inability to undertake the work is due to his physical disabilities .

他没有能力承担该工作，是由于他的残疾。

Feeling stressed or anxious at an inability to access the Internet?

上不了网就会觉得焦躁不安？

disability作为名词，意为残疾;(某种)缺陷，障碍;(指状态、身心、学习等方面的)缺陷。

例句：Disability is a physical limitation on your life.

残疾在身体方面限制了你的生活。

We all fear disability or infirmity.

我们都害怕伤残或体弱。

Disability can make extra demands on financial resources.

残障人士会需要更多的财政资源。

Facilities for people with disabilities are still insufficient.

供伤残人士使用的设施仍然匮乏。

For a child to be born with this disability indicates a defect in obstetric care.

孩子出生时就带有这样的残疾，这表明产科护理有问题。